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Implementation of the ASEAN Way in Resolving the Dispute Conflict between Thailand - Cambodia in 2011
Corresponding Author(s) : Sidiq Ahmadi
Proceedings Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Undergraduate Conference,
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Crafting Innovation for Global Benefit
Abstract
This research examines the implementation of ASEAN Way in conflict resolution between Thailand and Cambodia regarding the border dispute around the Preah Vihear Temple in 2011. ASEAN is faced with many problems related to disputes in its member countries, one of which is the problem of Thailand and Cambodia. The lack of clarity of the territorial line is one of the causes. Policies have been carried out, one of which is the 1962 International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision on the Preah Vihear Temple, which caused rejection from the Thai side due to different opinions regarding the layout of the country's territorial boundaries. The ASEAN Way, as a tool of regional diplomacy, will assist member states in mediating conflicts. They should rely on peaceful settlement of disputes, not interfere in the internal affairs of other ASEAN member states, and abandon the use of force. The ASEAN Way is considered "the superior product of cultural similarities among the people of ASEAN". The ASEAN way includes consensus-seeking activities and has formal and informal characteristics. Through the ASEAN Way mechanism with the track - one & track - two diplomacy approach method, it can be a success factor for ASEAN in resolving conflicts between the two disputing countries
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- Angkor Temples in Cambodia. (2015). Preah Vihear. Retrieved from Angkor Temples in Cambodia: https://www.angkor-temples-in-cambodia.com/preah-vihear.html#:~:text=Preah%20Vihear%20means%20%22sacred%20shrine,%22Khao%22%20means%20hill.
- Archer, C. (2001). International Organizations, Third edition. London & New York: Routledge.
- ASEAN. (2020). About ASEAN. Retrieved from Association of Southeast Asian Nations: https://asean.org/about-us/.
- ASEAN. (2020). ASEAN Aims. Retrieved from Association of Southeast Asian Nations: https://asean.org/what-we-do#fundamental-principles.
- ASEAN.org. (2011, February 22). Statement by the Chairman of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) following the Informal Meeting of the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN. Retrieved from ASEAN.org: https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/archive/documents/N110222.pdf
- Awani Irewati, C. L. (2015). Sengketa Wilayah Perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja. Yogyakarta: Andi.
- Bangkok Post. (2013, April 28). Cambodia confident on ICJ verdict. Retrieved from Bangkok Post: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/347386/cambodia-calm-but-nervous-on-temple-case.
- BBC Indonesia. (2013, November 11). Mahkamah PBB putuskan wilayah sengketa. Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2013/11/131111_thailand_perebutancandi.
- Cipto, B. (2007). Hubungan Internasional di Asia Tenggara: Teropong terhadap Realita, Dinamis, dan Masa Depan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Fadhillah, K. F. (2020). Shuttle Diplomacy Indonesia Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Thailand - Kamboja. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah Vol. 11 No. 2, 179-192.
- Farida, E. (2014). Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbatasan antara Thailand & Kamboja melalui Mekanisme ASEAN. MMH, Jilid 43 No. 1, 57-66.
- Huth, P. K. (2000). “Territory: Why Are Territorial Disputes Between States a Central Cause of International Conflict. In J. A. Vasquez, What Do We Know About War? (p. 95). Maryland: Rowman and Litttlefield Publisher.
- Kamarulzaman Askandar, J. B. (2002). The ASEAN Way of Conflict Management: Old Patterns and New Trends. Asian Journal of Political Science Volume 10 Number 2, 22-39.
- Luneto, R. (2021). DINAMIKA UNI EROPA: Integrasi Kawasan dan Referendum Britania Raya. Ejournal FISIP UNJANI.
- Mapendere, J. (2000). Track One and a Half Diplomacy and the Complementarity of Tracks. Culture of Peace Online Journal, 2(1), 66-81. Retrieved from Peace Maker: https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/TrackOneandaHalfDiplomacy_Mapendere.pdf.
- Margaret P. Karns, K. A. (2015). International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. USA: Lynne Rienner. Retrieved from https://www.rienner.com/uploads/55b14c992d1b2.pdf.
- https://www.rienner.com/uploads/55b14c992d1b2.pdf.
- Minagawa, U. S. (2013). Past Development and Present Issues of World Heritage Region of Preah Vihear in Cambodia.Vol. 69, No. 4, I_313-I_322.
- Municipality and Province Investment Information. (2022). Preah Vihear Province. Retrieved from landmatrix.org: https://landmatrix.org/media/uploads/cambodiainvestmentgovkhcontentuploads201403preah-vihear-province_engpdf.pdfc
- Narine, S. (2002). Explaining ASEAN: Regionalism in Southeast Asia. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher, Inc.
- Nguitragool, J. R. (2005). ASEAN as an Actor in International Fora: Reality, Potential,and Constraints. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Pattinussa, J. M. (2021). Meninjau Kembali Penyelesaian Sengketa Wilayah antara Thailand-Kamboja (Perebutan Kuil Preah Vihear). UPH Journal of International Relations Vol. 13 No. 25, 52-62.
- Primus, J. (2011, Januari 29). Preah Vihear Masih Membara. Retrieved from Kompas: https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2011/01/29/17383664/Preah.Vihear.Masih.Membara
- R. Wildan Pratama Indrah Kusuma, N. S. (2018). Jalan Damai Menuju Keamanan Regional:Pendekatan ASEAN dalam Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Laut China Selatan. FACTUM Volume 7, N0.2, 255-268.
- Raharjo, S. N. (2013). Tantangan Konflik Perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja Bagi Stabilitas ASEAN. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, Vol. 4, No. 1, 112-113.
- Saravanamuttu, P. T. (1985). ASEAN’s Negotiating Style: Asset or Hindrance? In P. T. Saravanamuttu, ASEAN Negotiations: Two Insights (p. 11). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
- Sefriyani. (2014). ASEAN Way dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional. Yustisia Vol. 3 No. 1, 89-96.
- Sekretariat Nasional ASEAN - Indonesia. (2019, Januari 16). Tujuan ASEAN, Lengkap dengan Sejarah Berdirinya dan Pembentukan Komunitas ASEAN. Retrieved from Sekretariat Nasional ASEAN - Indonesia: http://www.setnas-asean.id/news/read/tujuan-asean-lengkap-dengan-sejarah-berdirinya-dan-pembentukan-komunitas-asean.
- Sugiyono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif, dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Tekunan, S. (2014). The Asean Way: The Way to Regional Peace? Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 3 No. 2, 143-148.
- Tun, K. M. (2011). Towards a Peaceful Settlement of the Preah Vihear Temple Dispute. Asia Paper Institute for Security and Development Policy, 22-24.
- Wagener, M. (2011). Lessons from Preah Vihear: Thailand, Cambodia, and the Nature of LowIntensity Border Conflicts. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 3, 30.
References
Angkor Temples in Cambodia. (2015). Preah Vihear. Retrieved from Angkor Temples in Cambodia: https://www.angkor-temples-in-cambodia.com/preah-vihear.html#:~:text=Preah%20Vihear%20means%20%22sacred%20shrine,%22Khao%22%20means%20hill.
Archer, C. (2001). International Organizations, Third edition. London & New York: Routledge.
ASEAN. (2020). About ASEAN. Retrieved from Association of Southeast Asian Nations: https://asean.org/about-us/.
ASEAN. (2020). ASEAN Aims. Retrieved from Association of Southeast Asian Nations: https://asean.org/what-we-do#fundamental-principles.
ASEAN.org. (2011, February 22). Statement by the Chairman of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) following the Informal Meeting of the Foreign Ministers of ASEAN. Retrieved from ASEAN.org: https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/images/archive/documents/N110222.pdf
Awani Irewati, C. L. (2015). Sengketa Wilayah Perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja. Yogyakarta: Andi.
Bangkok Post. (2013, April 28). Cambodia confident on ICJ verdict. Retrieved from Bangkok Post: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/special-reports/347386/cambodia-calm-but-nervous-on-temple-case.
BBC Indonesia. (2013, November 11). Mahkamah PBB putuskan wilayah sengketa. Retrieved from BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2013/11/131111_thailand_perebutancandi.
Cipto, B. (2007). Hubungan Internasional di Asia Tenggara: Teropong terhadap Realita, Dinamis, dan Masa Depan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Fadhillah, K. F. (2020). Shuttle Diplomacy Indonesia Sebagai Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Thailand - Kamboja. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah Vol. 11 No. 2, 179-192.
Farida, E. (2014). Penyelesaian Sengketa Perbatasan antara Thailand & Kamboja melalui Mekanisme ASEAN. MMH, Jilid 43 No. 1, 57-66.
Huth, P. K. (2000). “Territory: Why Are Territorial Disputes Between States a Central Cause of International Conflict. In J. A. Vasquez, What Do We Know About War? (p. 95). Maryland: Rowman and Litttlefield Publisher.
Kamarulzaman Askandar, J. B. (2002). The ASEAN Way of Conflict Management: Old Patterns and New Trends. Asian Journal of Political Science Volume 10 Number 2, 22-39.
Luneto, R. (2021). DINAMIKA UNI EROPA: Integrasi Kawasan dan Referendum Britania Raya. Ejournal FISIP UNJANI.
Mapendere, J. (2000). Track One and a Half Diplomacy and the Complementarity of Tracks. Culture of Peace Online Journal, 2(1), 66-81. Retrieved from Peace Maker: https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/TrackOneandaHalfDiplomacy_Mapendere.pdf.
Margaret P. Karns, K. A. (2015). International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. USA: Lynne Rienner. Retrieved from https://www.rienner.com/uploads/55b14c992d1b2.pdf.
https://www.rienner.com/uploads/55b14c992d1b2.pdf.
Minagawa, U. S. (2013). Past Development and Present Issues of World Heritage Region of Preah Vihear in Cambodia.Vol. 69, No. 4, I_313-I_322.
Municipality and Province Investment Information. (2022). Preah Vihear Province. Retrieved from landmatrix.org: https://landmatrix.org/media/uploads/cambodiainvestmentgovkhcontentuploads201403preah-vihear-province_engpdf.pdfc
Narine, S. (2002). Explaining ASEAN: Regionalism in Southeast Asia. London: Lynne Rienner Publisher, Inc.
Nguitragool, J. R. (2005). ASEAN as an Actor in International Fora: Reality, Potential,and Constraints. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pattinussa, J. M. (2021). Meninjau Kembali Penyelesaian Sengketa Wilayah antara Thailand-Kamboja (Perebutan Kuil Preah Vihear). UPH Journal of International Relations Vol. 13 No. 25, 52-62.
Primus, J. (2011, Januari 29). Preah Vihear Masih Membara. Retrieved from Kompas: https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2011/01/29/17383664/Preah.Vihear.Masih.Membara
R. Wildan Pratama Indrah Kusuma, N. S. (2018). Jalan Damai Menuju Keamanan Regional:Pendekatan ASEAN dalam Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik Laut China Selatan. FACTUM Volume 7, N0.2, 255-268.
Raharjo, S. N. (2013). Tantangan Konflik Perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja Bagi Stabilitas ASEAN. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah, Vol. 4, No. 1, 112-113.
Saravanamuttu, P. T. (1985). ASEAN’s Negotiating Style: Asset or Hindrance? In P. T. Saravanamuttu, ASEAN Negotiations: Two Insights (p. 11). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Sefriyani. (2014). ASEAN Way dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional. Yustisia Vol. 3 No. 1, 89-96.
Sekretariat Nasional ASEAN - Indonesia. (2019, Januari 16). Tujuan ASEAN, Lengkap dengan Sejarah Berdirinya dan Pembentukan Komunitas ASEAN. Retrieved from Sekretariat Nasional ASEAN - Indonesia: http://www.setnas-asean.id/news/read/tujuan-asean-lengkap-dengan-sejarah-berdirinya-dan-pembentukan-komunitas-asean.
Sugiyono. (2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif, dan R & D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tekunan, S. (2014). The Asean Way: The Way to Regional Peace? Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Vol. 3 No. 2, 143-148.
Tun, K. M. (2011). Towards a Peaceful Settlement of the Preah Vihear Temple Dispute. Asia Paper Institute for Security and Development Policy, 22-24.
Wagener, M. (2011). Lessons from Preah Vihear: Thailand, Cambodia, and the Nature of LowIntensity Border Conflicts. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 3, 30.