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Analysis on Human Rights Enforcement by Adopting UDHR inIndonesia and Malaysia
Proceedings Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Undergraduate Conference,
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Engaging Youth in Community Development to Strengthen Nation's Welfare
Abstract
Human Rights is one of the major priorities which continue to be pursued by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This is manifested by the commitment of member countries to establish the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights in 2009 which resulted in the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration in mid-2012. In promoting human rights, many countries have adopted the values of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) which is the main foundation for freedom and equality. This research found that Indonesia and Malaysia both have already had various UDHR values in their constitution and even implement them in the foreign policy of their respective countries. By utilizing constructivism theoretical approach through a qualitative method, where literature study is conducted by gathering information through books, reports, news articles and journal articles. Our analysis finds that there are significant differences in the human rights systems implementation and mechanisms developed by each ASEAN country, including in Indonesia and Malaysia. Therefore, the authors suggest using a sustainable constructive approach in adopting UDHR values
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- Asmah, A. A. (2016). Protection for Youth Rights: The Role of Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM). Journal of Applied Sciences, 1534-1538.
- Bakar, A. Z. (1997). UN Review Necessary, says Dr M: Malaysia May Submit Proposal to Look into Universal Declaration on Human Rights. New Straits Times.
- Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. (2020). Indonesia 2020 Human Rights Report. United States Department of State.
- Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. (2021).
- Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Malaysia. U.S. Department of State.
- Castellino, J., & Redondo, E. D. (2006). Minority Rights in Asia - A Comparative Legal Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Claude, R. P., & Weston, B. H. (1992). Human Rights in the World Community: Issues and Action.
- Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Hanara, D. (2018). Mainstreaming Human Rights in the Asian Judiciary. Constitutional Review.
- Hoon, C. L. (2013). The Best Practices of Human Rights (ATHAM) Programme in Selected Secondary Schools in Malaysia. Journal of International and Comparative Education.
- Human Rights Commission of Malaysia. (n.d.). About Us.
- Retrieved from Human Rights Commission of Malaysia: https://suhakam.org.my/about-us/
- Human Rights Watch. (2020). Indonesia; Event of 2020. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/world- report/2021/country-chapters/indonesia
- Human Rights Watch. (2020). Malaysia 2019 Human Rights Report. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country- chapters/malaysia
- Human Rights Watch. (2021). Events of 2020: Malaysia.
- Human Rights Watch.
- Ingram, H., Schneider, A. L., & Deleon, P. (2007). Social Construction and Policy Design. In P. A. Sabatier, Theories of the Policy Process (pp. 93-129).
- Colorado: Westview Press.
- Jewa, T. (1996). Public International Law; A Malaysian Perspective Pacifia Publication.
- Karina Putri Indrasari. (2015). Analysis of ASEAN Human Rights Declaration Implementation Regarding Human Rights Violations Against Human Rights Activists and Defenders in the Provinces of Papua and West Papua in 201. Journal of Transformation Global.
- Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. (2019, March 28). Indonesia dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Retrieved from Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia: https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/40/halaman_list
- _lainnya/indonesia-dan-hak-asasi-manusia
- Kharlie, A. T. (2013). Human Rights In Indonesian Constitution Amendment. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 151-153.
- Manfred, N. (2013). Introduction To The International Human Rights Regime. In N. Manfred, Introduction To The International Human Rights Regime (p. 1). Leiden Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
- Muhtaj, M. E., Siregar, M. F., Beru, R. B., & Rachman, F. (2020). Literasi Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal HAM, 369-385.
- Setiawan, K. (2007, July 24). Human Rights for Kids.
- Retrieved from Inside Indonesia: https://www.insideindonesia.org/human-rights- for-kids
- Steiner, H. J., Alston, P., & Goodman, R. (2002).
- International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Suryadinata, L. (1985). Government Policies towards the Ethnic Chinese: A Comparison between Indonesia and Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 15-27.
- TANG, T. H. (1995). Towards an alternative approach to international human rights protection in the Asia- Pacific region. In T. H. TANG, Human rights and international relations in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 185-203). London, Malaysia: Pinter.
- United Nations. (2020). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from United Nations: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal- declaration-of-human-rights
- UUD. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.
References
Asmah, A. A. (2016). Protection for Youth Rights: The Role of Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM). Journal of Applied Sciences, 1534-1538.
Bakar, A. Z. (1997). UN Review Necessary, says Dr M: Malaysia May Submit Proposal to Look into Universal Declaration on Human Rights. New Straits Times.
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. (2020). Indonesia 2020 Human Rights Report. United States Department of State.
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. (2021).
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Malaysia. U.S. Department of State.
Castellino, J., & Redondo, E. D. (2006). Minority Rights in Asia - A Comparative Legal Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Claude, R. P., & Weston, B. H. (1992). Human Rights in the World Community: Issues and Action.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Hanara, D. (2018). Mainstreaming Human Rights in the Asian Judiciary. Constitutional Review.
Hoon, C. L. (2013). The Best Practices of Human Rights (ATHAM) Programme in Selected Secondary Schools in Malaysia. Journal of International and Comparative Education.
Human Rights Commission of Malaysia. (n.d.). About Us.
Retrieved from Human Rights Commission of Malaysia: https://suhakam.org.my/about-us/
Human Rights Watch. (2020). Indonesia; Event of 2020. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/world- report/2021/country-chapters/indonesia
Human Rights Watch. (2020). Malaysia 2019 Human Rights Report. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved from Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country- chapters/malaysia
Human Rights Watch. (2021). Events of 2020: Malaysia.
Human Rights Watch.
Ingram, H., Schneider, A. L., & Deleon, P. (2007). Social Construction and Policy Design. In P. A. Sabatier, Theories of the Policy Process (pp. 93-129).
Colorado: Westview Press.
Jewa, T. (1996). Public International Law; A Malaysian Perspective Pacifia Publication.
Karina Putri Indrasari. (2015). Analysis of ASEAN Human Rights Declaration Implementation Regarding Human Rights Violations Against Human Rights Activists and Defenders in the Provinces of Papua and West Papua in 201. Journal of Transformation Global.
Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia. (2019, March 28). Indonesia dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Retrieved from Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia: https://kemlu.go.id/portal/id/read/40/halaman_list
_lainnya/indonesia-dan-hak-asasi-manusia
Kharlie, A. T. (2013). Human Rights In Indonesian Constitution Amendment. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 151-153.
Manfred, N. (2013). Introduction To The International Human Rights Regime. In N. Manfred, Introduction To The International Human Rights Regime (p. 1). Leiden Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Muhtaj, M. E., Siregar, M. F., Beru, R. B., & Rachman, F. (2020). Literasi Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal HAM, 369-385.
Setiawan, K. (2007, July 24). Human Rights for Kids.
Retrieved from Inside Indonesia: https://www.insideindonesia.org/human-rights- for-kids
Steiner, H. J., Alston, P., & Goodman, R. (2002).
International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Suryadinata, L. (1985). Government Policies towards the Ethnic Chinese: A Comparison between Indonesia and Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 15-27.
TANG, T. H. (1995). Towards an alternative approach to international human rights protection in the Asia- Pacific region. In T. H. TANG, Human rights and international relations in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 185-203). London, Malaysia: Pinter.
United Nations. (2020). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from United Nations: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal- declaration-of-human-rights
UUD. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.