Improving Environmental Quality Based on Community Participation

. This community development program took place in Ngino XII Hamlet, Margoagung Village, Sleman Regency by tackling the issue of waste management. Empowerment of the environment was carried out through the recycling of plastic materials that could still be reused, thereby reducing the potential for waste accumulation. The recycling of plastic waste was done by turning those plastics into planting media called as hydroponics. In this program, it began with a socialization to the community about recycling. In addition, this program also provided training to the community to install hydroponics from used bamboo. The community was also encouraged to use mineral water bottles and used gallons for these hydroponic planting media. Hydroponic planting method was selected because in the related area, the public awareness of environmental cleanliness was still very low. In this community service program, UMY was accompanied by the youth and residents of Ngino XII Hamlet, especially the youth of RT 2-Rukun Tetangga 2-a neighbourhood association, who actively participated to make plans for environmental empowerment activities. The hope is that in the future after the community development time is over, the local residents and youth can continue these activities and keep the environment clean and beautiful.


Introduction
The waste problem in Indonesia is like a cancer; it has reached stage 4. The environmental problem that is currently in line with Indonesia's population growth is the increase in waste which is difficult to handle.Of the 250 million people in Indonesia, the waste production can reach 151,192 tons per day with the habit of Indonesians littering for as much as 70.31% [1].This makes Indonesia the third highest in the world as the dirtiest country after India and China.The increase in the amount of waste per day causes various diseases with a more dangerous health impact on both humans and the environment for the next generation [2].The process of managing waste in the market is not only an obligation of the management team and the cleaning service but also requires support and participation of all local residents and related parties [3].The participation of local residents in question is participation in the form of reuse, separation of organic and inorganic waste, and the use of environmentally friendly materials for packaging.
The problem of plastic bottle waste is also a classic problem that is being faced by the community.This is because the effort to reduce the volume of plastic bottle waste is smaller than the production rate [4].Plastic bottle waste was often dumped on the banks of the river in Ngino XII Hamlet.Meanwhile, PET plastic bottle waste will take around 450 years to decompose [5].The problem faced by the residents of Ngino XII Hamlet was not having the knowledge of how to manage plastic bottle waste.
Ngino XII Hamlet, Margoagung Village is a village located in Sleman Regency.The majority of the villagers was farmers who were active during the day.The total population in Ngino XII Hamlet was 864 people with 344 families divided into 6 RTs-Rukun Tetanggaor neighbourhood associations.The targets of the community service program carried out by UMY community development students were all layers of society in the village, especially the youth association of Ngino XII Hamlet.The population of Ngino XII Hamlet was more dominated by residents in their productive and elderly ages.After conducting several observations, a problem was identified in the hamlet.The problem was the lack of awareness from the residents about the importance of waste disposal and waste management, as well as the importance of community life.
In fact, there were still many residents of Ngino XII Hamlet who littered on the side of the road or unused vacant land.In addition, there were still many people who had not been able to utilize or manage household waste.Therefore, this program aimed to increase the residents' awareness of the surrounding environment by focusing on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in order to improve the quality of Ngino XII Hamlet environment.Therefore, the community development team held a program that was able to arouse the mentality and motivation of the people of Ngino XII Hamlet to turn waste into useful items for themselves and the surrounding community.
In addition, in order to achieve self-reliance for the residents of Ngino XII Hamlet, there were potentials that needed to be explored.The empowerment program was carried out by providing hydroponic plant training.Hydroponics is a cultivation system using water that has dissolved nutrient minerals with soilless growing media [6].Agricultural techniques that can be applied to limited land and time can be done with hydroponics [7].Hydroponics does not require large areas of land or yards, can be taken care of easily and efficiently, and does not cause environmental pollution [7].Then, there are several advantages of doing hydroponic plants including.First, the success of plants to grow and produce is more guaranteed.Second, the maintenance is more practical.Other than that, if the plant dies, it is easier to replace it with a new one.Furthermore, the working method is more efficient without requiring a lot of manual labor.Hydroponics method also allows plants to grow faster.The selling price of hydroponic plant outcome is higher than those plants planted on the ground.Another positive side is that hydroponics does not require large areas or land.Finally, some types of plants can be cultivated out of their seasons by hydroponics.
Hydroponics is increasingly being recognized by the public due to several reasons such as the increasing need for vegetables as the population increases, and limited land and space [8].Hydroponics is also gaining more popularity as it realizes food self-sufficient areas, does not utilize soil media especially those in urban areas, uses land efficiently, and little weed growth.
Therefore, from this background, the community service carried out by UMY community development was related to waste management, such as plastic bottles that could be reused for hydroponic planting media with economic value.It was important to carry out waste management training, especially for the household waste, to increase the awareness and concern of of Ngino XII Hamlet people.

Methodology
This study employed a qualitative approach.It used case studies with descriptive analysis, as well as data collection techniques to collect both primary and secondary data.
Primary data collection was carried out by interviewing the head of Ngino XII sub-village, the village head, and village officials.The purpose of conducting interviews was to find out how the condition of Ngino XII hamlet was and what problems are experienced by its residents.Besides, it also functioned to find out what programs should be carried out by community services.The secondary data were obtained from reports in the mass media on how the condition of Margoagung Village was.For this reason, before carrying out a work program, the community service team sought for data first so that it is in accordance with the conditions of the community.The collected data were then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion.The research location was in Ngino XII Hamlet, Margoagung Village, Seyegan District, Sleman Regency.

Results and Discussion
Community development was carried out with the main programs namely environmental empowerment and management of plastic bottle waste.Empowerment of the environment was performed through the recycling of plastic materials that could still be reused, so as to reduce the potential for waste accumulation.This program was done by utilizing plastic bottles for hydroponic planting media.This was completed by socializing the 3R waste management and utilizing waste to be used as a hydroponic medium.Then, the program was continued by manufacturing and installing hydroponic planting media, planting hydroponic seeds, and monitoring them.
This program was planned as there were still many residents who lacked awareness of environmental cleanliness and waste management.In this activity, UMY community development students were accompanied by the youth and residents of Ngino XII Hamlet, especially the neighborhood association (RT) 2 youth, who participated actively to make plans for this environmental empowerment activity.In the future, the youth in Ngino XII Hamlet can continue the activities to protect the environment in a beautiful way.
The target achievement of this community service activity was increasing public awareness of the importance of protecting the environment for the sake of health and safety.One of the things that could be done was to utilize plastic bottle waste to become planting media that were more economically valuable [9].

Socialization of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Waste Management
Socialization was conducted to make the community understand how to process household waste to become economically valuable.Socialization of waste management and utilization of waste to be used as media for hydroponic plants was the main program that we carried out.Our background in carrying out this program was because we saw the lack of awareness of the residents of Ngino XII Hamlet in processing and utilizing waste.In the 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) waste management socialization activity, we conducted it in the second week, on January 27, 2023 to be exact.We invited the youth and several community leaders of Ngino XII to participate, and it was hoped that it would increase the awareness of the youth of Ngino XII to maintain their environment and be able to make good use of waste, one of which was by making hydroponic growing media from plastic bottles.
The implementation of this activity was carried out at a house in Ngino XII Hamlet, and we presented a speaker who was an expert in agriculture, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, an alumnus of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University.This socialization began with an explanation from the UMY community development group with the theme of improving the quality and concern of Ngino XII Hamlet HR (Human Resources) for the environment.We explained about our goal of making the program, the benefits of the 3R waste management activity, and the use of waste as a hydroponic growing medium.We also explained that we planned to choose or suggest kale plants to be grown hydroponically because the growth process was quite short compared to other plants.
Eka as the speaker explained the types of hydroponic plants.He explained in detail about each type of hydroponic plants so that participants would later be able to know and differentiate each type of hydroponic plants based on their benefits, functions, and uses.The presenter also explained what tools and materials were needed in making hydroponic plants.In addition, Eka also conveyed the procedure for making hydroponic planting media that were good and right.
The program went smoothly, and the youth of Ngino XII Hamlet actively participated.The level of participation achieved was 100% as the youth of Ngino XII Hamlet had the desire to add insight regarding 3R waste management (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle) and utilization of waste to be used as a container for hydroponic plants.The main tools and materials needed in carrying out this outreach were also adequate because there were many used plastic bottles in the residents' yards, so these factors supported the activities that we carried out.The activities carried out were followed enthusiastically by the participants.In the early stages, participants were given basic knowledge about hydroponic cultivation as an alternative to cultivating plants on narrow land and limited soil.In this case, the use of plastic waste as a material in the manufacture of hydroponic installations could help the community deal with existing inorganic waste and reduce the cost of making hydroponic installations.
However, there was an obstacle.We found it hard to allocate enough time in disseminating the goals and benefits of our program since the residents lacked of free time.As a result, most of the residents did not understand the points conveyed.

Manufacturing and Installing of Hydroponics
After the socialization of waste management, the community service team carried out the manufacture and installation of hydroponics.In the manufacturing and installation process, some technical equipment and the complementary elements were prepared.
The purpose of the activity of making and installing hydroponic planting media was to facilitate the next process, namely planting hydroponic seeds.In addition, the purpose of this activity was to utilize plastic bottle waste that was no longer used by the people in Ngino XII Hamlet as the planting media.This activity was beneficial for the environmental empowerment.
The implementation of this activity was completed by the youth of Ngino XII Hamlet.It was hoped that the youth understood more about the importance of protecting the environment by utilizing inorganic waste of plastic bottles.In making this hydroponic installation, the community development team also gave staged directions.The steps were carried out correctly, and the tools and materials needed were easy to get so that this activity could run smoothly.Hydroponic installation was carried out in the second and third weeks from noon to evening.This activity was held in two places.The first implementation was in the yard of Ngino XII Hamlet residents, and the second one was carried out at the Ngino XII Hamlet houses.The following are pictures taken during the activity.

Fig. 2. Youth of Ngino XII Hamlet.
Some of the steps taken in the manufacture and installation of hydroponics included preparing tools and materials such as cutters, markers, measuring tapes, saws, nails, hammers, and brushes.In addition, the materials used were bamboo, used plastic bottles, paint, oil, and wires.Next, the participants cut and punch holes in used plastic bottles.Then, we assembles and cut the bamboo.Finally, we installed used plastic bottles on the bamboo.
During the process of making and installing the hydroponics, the community development encountered several obstacles in the form of difficulties in gathering young people who were not present at the appointed time.In the diagram below, it can be seen that the number of participants who attended were was residents, with 15 youths and 14 girls.
Based on the collection and observation of the process of making and installing hydroponicy, the good impact was the utilization of inorganic waste which was previously only disposed of in the yard of the house to become a planting medium that was beneficial for residents who had a small spare land in their houses.The enthusiasm of the residents was very high in this activity because it was related to the problems faced in Ngino XII regarding waste management, especially plastic bottle waste.

Planting Hydroponic Seeds
Hydroponics is a method of farming without using soil.The three main elements in hydroponics are water, light, and nutrition.In addition to water, hydroponics also uses planting media such as coconut fiber, bricks, husk charcoal, and so on.Planting hydroponic seedlings applies a simple planting method using used bottles as a water container for growing kale.
Hydroponics is also known as soilless culture.Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants that utilizes water.One of the vegetables that can be grown hydroponically is kale.Kale is a plant that grows quickly and produces results within 25-30 days after planting.In addition, kale is also suitable for hydroponic plants because kale grows in lowland areas.
Cultivation of plants by using the hydroponic system is currently very popular in the community due to the lack of land and as an activity to channel their gardening hobby.Many people are interested in growing hydroponic plants.Hydroponic system can be done planting vegetables, fruits, and other crops.For people who have limited house yards, as was the case with residents' land in Ngino XII Hamlet, hydroponics using mineral bottle waste is an alternative that can be done with a wick system or using flannel.
With this hydroponic technique of growing kale, it will speed up the harvest period, making the plants we plant have good quality and are more hygienic.When compared to plants conventionally grown with soil media, hydroponic plants can be harvested 30% to 50% faster.Kale plants can be harvested 17 days after planting (HST) or 22 days after sowing (HSS).
The target of the activity was the youth of Ngino XII Hamlet.The activity method was in the form of discussion and direct practice in the field assisted by students participating in the Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University community development team regarding the use of yards, hydroponic cultivation methods, and introduction of tools and materials.This event was held on January 31, 2023.
The next step was field practice in the form of applying hydroponic technology and organic fertilizer with simple planting media in the form of used mineral water bottles and utilization of organic waste.Tools used for hydroponic vegetable cultivation were knife, bottle, and scissors.Meanwhile, the ingredients covered fertilizer, flannel cloth, water or plant nutrition, and vegetable seeds (kale).In this activity, the training participants had additional insight about the farming method of hydroponic techniques.Training participants gained additional knowledge about the use of narrow land for growing vegetables as a motivation to increase vegetable consumption for the family.The obstacle in this activity was that no one in the community development team was from the agricultural study program.We asked for help from students majoring in agriculture to guide us in the process of planting this kale seed.

Evaluation and Monitoring Hydroponic Seeds
After the training with the aim of community empowerment, the activity at the next stage was activity evaluation.The evaluation was completed by comparing the skills, knowledge, and understanding of the participants before and after the training including how to grow plants in hydroponics method and to make fertilizer.Participants believed that their narrow land could be utilized properly and optimally.Later, it would be able to show the results of the production of healthy vegetables.
In general, this activity was successful when seen from the enthusiasm of Ngino XII Hamlet youth and the residents whose homes were used as the spots for planting these kale seeds, wanting to try again with other seeds other than kale.This activity was designed with the involvement of students participating in the community development service team at Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta.
Hydroponic seed monitoring activity was an activity to ensure that planting with hydroponic growing media runs smoothly.For the installation of hydroponic planting media, it was placed in Ngino XII RT 02 which was located in one of the houses of a resident named Mr. Nur.This monitoring activity was carried out by each community development team who had been scheduled to be responsible for that day.
Monitoring activity began on February 4 th until February 13 th .This activity was carried out to ensure that all parties participating in the hydroponic seed planting could understand how to care for hydroponic seed plants properly and correctly.This was to ensure that the plants could grow until harvest time and benefit the community.In carrying out our monitoring, we had been allowed by the host, namely Mr. Nur himself, to carry out monitoring for the next few days.
In every monitoring activity, we observed the plants whether the plants grew healthily, or whether there were pests that inhibited the growth.Sometimes, there were also questions from the family regarding which plants should be watered.We also received reports that some plants did not start to grow while other plants started showing their buds.
In solving this problem, we directly observed the plants more.We watered the plants, and if in the next two days they still did not grow, we would re-plant them.On the next second day, the plants began to show their shoots, and we added additional fertilizer to the planting medium so that their growth was not too slow compared to other plants.
The achievements obtained were also quite satisfying because until before the community development program ended, the hydroponic plants had good results so that the people who took part in these activities only needed to watch over and wait for the harvest.We can say that our target achievement is 100%.The agenda was always performed on time until the 4 th week.Furthermore, the fact was also found that when student members of the community development monitored hydroponic plants, the residents responded well so that we could say we did not encounter any difficult obstacles.

Conclusion
The environmental empowerment and plastic bottle waste management program carried out by the youth group of Ngino XII Hamlet is quite effective with an effectiveness level up to 100%.However, there are obstacles in socializing the program to residents due to the lack of residents' free time.Therefore, it is necessary to take a more effective approach so that the message conveyed can be well received by residents.
However, there is a solution to this problem by conducting training on how to grow hydroponics and make fertilizer.Through this training, participants can improve their skills, knowledge, and understanding so that they can maximize their narrow land and produce healthy vegetables.This shows that community involvement is quite high, and participants have high enthusiasm for learning.
In conclusion, the environmental empowerment and plastic bottle waste management program have achieved the goal of reducing plastic bottle waste.Even though there are obstacles in the socialization of the program, this program is still effective and successful in involving the community in hydroponic farming and waste management activities.In future implementation, a more effective approach is needed to convey program messages to residents.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Waste processing outreach activities.The activities carried out were followed enthusiastically by the participants.In the early stages, participants were given basic knowledge about hydroponic cultivation as an alternative to cultivating plants on narrow land and limited soil.In this case, the use of plastic waste as a material in the manufacture of hydroponic installations could help the community deal with existing inorganic waste and reduce the cost of making hydroponic installations.However, there was an obstacle.We found it hard to allocate enough time in disseminating the goals and benefits of our program since the residents lacked of free time.As a result, most of the residents did not understand the points conveyed.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Placement of hydroponic plants in residents' homes.In this activity, the training participants had additional insight about the farming method of hydroponic techniques.Training participants gained additional knowledge about the use of narrow land for growing vegetables as a motivation to increase vegetable consumption for the family.The obstacle in this activity was that no one in the community