Planning of Plastic Waste Management System For Darmayasa Village Community

. The location of the community service activity (PKM) is in Darmayasa Village, located in the Pejawaran sub-district, Banjarnegara, Central Java. Currently, the village government is planning to build a market to accommodate the daily needs of the community, as residents of the village must travel a considerable distance to reach the nearest market. Apart from its usefulness, the market also presents a potential problem, namely the emergence of waste, especially plastic waste that cannot be decomposed in the soil. The village officials and community leaders are seeking assistance from academics to prepare a plastic waste management system, both for the market and household waste. This community service aims to address the plastic waste problem in Darmayasa Village, through planning a waste management system based on a waste bank and a waste donation program. The methods used in this activity are socialization, training, and mentoring to build awareness of the importance of proper waste management. Additionally, mentoring is also conducted to build and operate a waste bank and a technology for processing plastic waste into paving blocks. The result of this activity is the establishment of a waste bank and a program for transforming plastic waste into paving blocks by the people of Darmayasa Village. It is hoped that this activity can serve as an example for other villages in a better and more environmentally friendly plastic waste management.


Introduction
Darmayasa Village consists of 5 hamlets with a population of 4,679 people and is one of the 17 villages in the Pejawaran sub-district.Darmayasa Village is located in a highland area with great potential for highland resources, particularly abundant agricultural products.The main agricultural products in the village include chili peppers, corn, and vegetables.The land usage in Darmayasa Village is as follows: 1. Rice Fields: 84.765 hectares 2. Yards/Buildings: 19.2 hectares 3. Dry Fields/Gardens: 382.37 hectares 4. Fish Ponds/Pools: 8.12 hectares 5. Other (rivers, cemeteries, roads): 9.705 hectares Considering the number of the population, a market is an essential that should exist in the village.Currently, the nearest market is approximately 4 km away from the village.The market plays a strategic role in the Darmayasa community.Its presence will advance and stimulate the economic growth of the community (Ikram & Nur, 2012;Ketjil et al., 2022).The market provides numerous job opportunities for the informal sector, as it requires a significant amount of labor.The market serves as an indicator of the village's economic level, and the well-being of the community reflects the success of the village government in fulfilling its duties and functions as a service provider for the people (Quriani et al., 2019).
Besides its strategic benefits, the market also brings negative impacts to the community.One of the negative impacts is the presence of waste, particularly plastic waste that cannot be naturally decomposed when discarded on land (Ifrani et al., 2020).Plastic waste in the market mainly originates from plastic packaging bags.In addition to plastic bags, daily items such as plastic bottles and containers are easily found since plastic products are cheap and easily produced domestically.According to research data, each person in the world generates approximately 1 kg -2 kg of waste per capita per day, with 10% of it being plastic waste (Lange, 2021).There was around 60% of plastic waste in communities usually made of HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, and PP, while the remaining consists of PET, PVC, and PS (Haig et al., 2015;Darus et al., 2020).
The ubiquity of plastic waste combined with the lack of public awareness about the environmental damage caused by plastic waste is one of the reasons why this issue needs to be addressed.The objective of this community service activity is to tackle the issue of plastic waste in Darmayasa Village by planning a waste governance system based on a waste bank and charitable waste initiatives.Furthermore, this activity aims to provide socialization, training, and mentoring to the community in building awareness about the importance of proper waste management.It is hoped that this activity can help reduce the amount of plastic waste disposed of in the environment and serve as an example for other villages in a better and environmentally friendly plastic waste management.

Methodology
The methods used by the Community Service Team (PKM) in implementing this activity are as follows: 1. Focus Group Discussions with village officials, market managers, and community leaders.The PKM team presented the design of the waste governance system, including all necessary elements.2. Stakeholders were asked to provide input for improvement and subsequently gave formal approval and decisions to follow up on the design.3. The village officials, accompanied by the PKM team, established the Waste Bank organization and its infrastructure.4. The PKM team assisted in the socialization of the Waste Bank and provided education on plastic waste sorting, particularly to the market traders and visitors, as well as the general community of Darmayasa Village.The processing of plastic waste deposited by the community is one of the productive activities carried out by the Waste Bank.The PKM team prepared the design and construction of equipment for processing plastic waste into paving blocks.

Results and Discussion
After conducting field observations and discussions with stakeholders (village government and market managers), the PKM team developed a plastic waste governance plan in the form of a Waste Bank.The PKM team assisted the village government in establishing the Waste Bank management organization, including its structure, market regulations, management, technology, and marketing networks for the products (Suryani, 2014).Plastic wastes were transformed into paving blocks, which have economic value and selling points.With the Waste Bank managers, the PKM team created the layout and production process flow as well as the business process flow for the Waste Bank.The plastic waste management system should encompass organizational, regulatory, financial management, infrastructure, and community awareness elements.In the initial stage of implementing this PKM program, the team assisted the village in designing a management system that incorporated these four elements.
Organizational Element: The waste management organization should involve government entities, market managers, traders, and market visitors.This organization was in the form of a Waste Bank, which serves as a place for sorting and collecting recyclable and reusable waste with economic value (Selomo et al., 2017).Figure 1 illustrates a model of a Waste Bank organization that can be implemented.1. Manager: coordinating the team, reporting activities to the village government, providing education and training on proper waste management to the community and new Waste Bank managers.2. Waste Collection: collecting waste from designated locations or the community.3. Secretariat: Preparing reports, managing regular meetings, recording the types and quantities of received waste, and providing periodic reports.4. Waste Sorting and Counting: sorting and counting by the Waste Bank managers to facilitate further processing.5. Production Department: processing plastic waste into valuable products.In the initial PKM activity, the plastic wastes were processed into paving blocks.6. Product Marketing: marketing the products, such as compost or recycled plastic granules.7. Financial Management: handling finances effectively, including managing income from product sales and expenses related to waste processing.
Regulatory Element: Regulations and mechanisms need to be prepared to govern waste sorting, delivering, recording, processing, selling, and profit-sharing schemes with customers.The Waste Governance Regulations implemented for waste managers, market traders, and market visitors are as follows: 1. Waste Management Team: They should manage and process waste at the Darmayasa village market.2. Waste Disposal: The village market must provide adequate and separate waste disposal facilities for organic and non-organic waste.Organic waste can be processed into compost, while non-organic waste can be managed by staff and converted into paving blocks.3. Waste Collection: The waste management team must regularly collect waste at the village market and its surroundings.Waste should be collected at least once a week or as per the generated waste quantity.4. Education and Training: Waste managers provide education and training on proper waste handling to traders and the surrounding community.5. Sanctions: The village market can impose sanctions, such as warnings or fines, on traders or visitors who do not dispose of waste in designated areas, according to applicable rules.6. Monitoring and Evaluation: The waste management team must conduct regular monitoring and evaluation of waste management at the village market.Evaluations can be conducted annually to assess the performance of the waste management team and provide recommendations for improvement if necessary.Financial management and implementation management element: Operational hours and worker wages need to be determined.There should be information on the types of plastic waste accepted, and pricing regulations were decided (Handayani et al., 2022;Latifah et al., 2022).The interaction mechanism between customers and the Waste Bank can be seen in Figure 2 (Pujiyanto et al., 2021).

Figure 2. Activity flow chart of Waste bank
Infrastructure component: The processing stage is an effort to transform plastic waste into paving blocks using innovative plastic waste recycling technology (Sudarno et al., 2021).The Village Government prepared a waste storage location and the necessary facilities for paving block production technology near the Village Market.
Several inputs and proposals mentioned above conveyed to the Village Government through the Education mechanism in the Focus Group Discussion (FGD).The FGD involved the PKM Team, village officials, market managers, and residents of Darmayasa Village.
The education activity took place on February 17, 2023, featuring a renowned national practitioner and advocate of the Waste Bank, Ustadz Ananto Isworo, S.Ag., commonly known as the "Trash Cleric."He is the founder of the Sedekah Sampah Movement (GSS) in the Brajan Village of Bantul, Yogyakarta, and the owner of DS Rumah Inspirasi.Ananto initiated the movement of donating waste in Masjid Al Muharam, Brajan Village, by collecting waste from each household.
After Ustadz Ananto's presentation, the Head of the PKM Team presented about plastic waste identification, waste management system design, and plastic waste processing technology into paving blocks.Most plastic waste can be recycled, but recycled products are more harmful to the environment due to additives and dyes.For economically valuable products, the frequency of plastic recycling from a new condition can only be done 2-3 times because the properties of plastic materials degrade after each recycling due to thermal pressure, reducing their lifespan (Ncube et al., 2021).Therefore, recycling is not a safe and permanent solution for plastic waste disposal.Improper waste collection and sorting were serious concerns in plastic waste management.Plastic waste recycling should follow the 3 principles: reduce, reuse, and recycle, as stated in the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 13 of 2012 (Ministry of Environment, 2012).
In this PKM activity phase, in addition to designing the waste management system, the PKM team also designed recycling technology used to process plastic waste into valuable paving blocks (Hasaya & Masrida, 2021).The series of machines for plastic waste recycling into paving blocks consists of a shredder machine, drying machine, hot mixer machine, and paving block pressing tool.After the sorting process, plastic waste residues and economically valueless items such as plastic bags and sachets were reduced in size using the shredder machine (Figure 3).Plastic waste in the form of beverage bottles still has a good economic value, even without processing by the Waste Bank (Jati & Azzaki, 2021).The reduction in size facilitates the subsequent process.The shredded plastic was then dried using the drying machine (Figure 4A) and mixed with sand using the hot mixer machine (Figure 4B).In this process, the plastic was heated until it transform into a near-liquid state and continuously mixed with sand in a constant rotating movement.The plastic paste acts as a binder for the sand and replaces the function of cement.After a 30-minute mixing process, the paving blocks were molded by using a manual pressing machine.The plastic and sand mixture were poured into the mold, pressed with a screw press, and held until the plastic solidifies.To expedite the process, multiple sets of molding tools were prepared.

Conclusion
Based on this PKM activity, it was concluded that the planning of a waste management system based on a waste bank has the potential to address the issue of plastic waste in Darmayasa Village.Through socialization, training, and mentoring of the community, awareness of the importance of proper waste management was achieved.The establishment of a waste bank and the program of transforming plastic waste into paving blocks by the community of Darmayasa Village are strategic steps needed to be ensured for their sustainability so the community of Darmayasa Village gain the benefits.
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Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Waste bank organization chart The tasks of each organizational element in Figure 1 are as follows:1.Manager: coordinating the team, reporting activities to the village government, providing education and training on proper waste management to the community and new Waste Bank managers.2. Waste Collection: collecting waste from designated locations or the community.3. Secretariat: Preparing reports, managing regular meetings, recording the types and quantities of received waste, and providing periodic reports.4. Waste Sorting and Counting: sorting and counting by the Waste Bank managers to facilitate further processing.5. Production Department: processing plastic waste into valuable products.In the initial PKM activity, the plastic wastes were processed into paving blocks.6. Product Marketing: marketing the products, such as compost or recycled plastic granules.7. Financial Management: handling finances effectively, including managing income from product sales and expenses related to waste processing.