Designing and Manufacturing Plastic Waste Processing Equipment For Darmayasa Village Market Of Central Java

. Darmayasa village is located in the Pejawaran sub-district, Banjarnegara, Central Java. One of the village's issues that received attention was the lack of a local market that serves the daily needs of the community, as the villagers had to travel a considerable distance to reach the nearest market. Besides its usefulness, a market also presents potential problems, such as the emergence of waste, particularly non-biodegradable plastic waste. The village officials and community leaders are hoping for assistance from the UMY Community Service Team to design and create equipment for processing plastic waste, both from the market and household waste. If possible, the plastic waste resulting from this equipment's processing could have economic value for the Darmayasa village community.


Introduction
Darmayasa Village consists of 5 hamlets with a population of 4,679 people and is one of the 17 villages in Pejawaran sub-district.The territorial boundaries of Darmayasa Village are as follows: northerly is Pejawaran Sub-district's Urban Village; southerly is Karekan Urban Village in Pagentan Sub-district; easterly is Majasari Urban Village in Pagentan Sub-district; and westerly is Tlahab Urban Village in Pejawaran Sub-district.The distance to the province is 180 km; the distance to the district capital is 39 km; and the distance to the sub-district is 4 km. Figure 1 shows the map indicating the location of the village.
Darmayasa Village is located in a highland area with a greater potential for highland resources, which includes abundant agricultural products.The typically main agricultural products consist of chili peppers, corn, and various vegetables.However, despite these favorable conditions, the village lacks one vital facility, which is a market.Currently, the nearest market is located approximately 4 km away from the village.
A market plays a strategic role in the Darmayasa community.Its presence would advance and stimulate the economic growth of the residents (Ikram & Nur, 2012;Ketjil et al., 2022).It would also create numerous job opportunities in the informal sector, thus it requires a significant workforce.Moreover, a market serves as a gauge for assessing the economic status of the village, and the well-being of the community reflects the success of the village government in fulfilling its duties and responsibilities as a public servant working for the people.

Figure. 1. Map of the Village's Location
Despite these strategic benefits, markets also bring negative impacts to the community.One of the negative impacts is the presence of waste, particularly nonbiodegradable plastic waste that cannot be easily decomposed when disposed of in the environment (Sharma & Mallubhotla, 2019).Plastic waste in the market primarily stems from plastic packaging bags.Additionally, everyday items like plastic bottles and containers can also be found, as plastic products are cheap and easily produced domestically.Research data shows that each individual in the world produces an average of 1 kg to 2 kg of waste per capita per day, with 10% of it being plastic waste (Lange, 2021).Approximately, 60% of plastic waste found in communities consists of HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, and PP materials, while the rest is PET, PVC, and PS (Haig et al., 2015) (Ryberg et al., 2018) (Darus et al., 2020).
The widespread presence of plastic waste, combined with the lack of awareness among the community about the environmental damage caused by plastic waste, is one of the reasons why this issue needs to be addressed.The residents of Darmayasa Village should understand that with the help of suitable technology and equipment, plastic waste can be recycled into valuable materials that are in demand by the plastic manufacturing industry (Putra & Yuriandala, 2010).The objective of this initiative is to design and create plastic waste processing equipment to tackle the issue of plastic waste in the village market.

Methodology
To implement the above solution, the PKM team planned to follow the steps as depicted in the flowchart below.The implementation methods are as follows: 1.The PKM team conducted a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with stakeholders to explain the overall plan and the steps to achieve it.The roles of each party were also detailed in this discussion.2. The PKM team provided education to the community, especially market managers and traders, regarding plastic materials knowledge, waste recycling mechanisms, economic value, and business opportunities of plastic recycling.The community should involve in manual waste sorting and collecting in the production area.
3. The technical team designed the production area layout and the plastic shredding machine.4. The manufacturing of the equipment was handed over to a professional workshop partner. 5.After the manufacturing phase was completed, the PKM team trained production operators on the use and maintenance of the production equipment.

Results and Discussion
The implementation of community service in Darmayasa Village, located in Pejawaran Sub-district, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, began with observation and discussions with the village officials on January 28, 2023, held at the service location.Shortly, the village planned to build a village market, which inevitably generate organic waste and plastic waste.Plastic is a highly non-degradable material that can persist in the environment for hundreds of years (Gao & Shao, 2022).This means that every plastic waste disposed of will never disappear and will continue to accumulate in the environment.The initial activities aimed to map out anticipatory steps to address the issue of plastic waste as a consequence of the village market development plan.From the discussions, the following activities were agreed upon: 1.The village officials needed the design and manufacture of plastic waste processing equipment that can transform plastic waste into other forms that can be utilized by the village community.2. The PKM team from UMY (Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta) stated their willingness to design and create several waste processing machines.The plastic waste will be utilized and processed into paving blocks.The initial machines to be built are plastic shredders.3. The PKM team from UMYprovided training on the knowledge and operational skills of plastic waste processing.The PKM UMY team required approximately 1 month to design and build the plastic waste processing machines.The plastic shredder is the first part of the plastic waste processing technology to be provided to the Darmayasa Village community.The plastic shredder machine serves several functions, including (Triadi et al., 2020): 1. Reducing plastic waste volume: The shredder machine can reduce the volume of plastic waste generated and facilitate the transportation of plastic waste to the final disposal site.2. Facilitating further processing: By using the shredder machine, the process of converting plastic waste into raw materials can be done more quickly and efficiently.3. Increasing efficiency: The shredder machine can improve the efficiency of plastic waste processing, thereby reducing the costs and time required in the waste processing process.4. Adding value to plastic waste: By utilizing the shredder machine and other machines in the series, plastic waste can be transformed into raw materials with added value, such as paving blocks (Hasaya & Masrida, 2021;Sudarno et al., 2021).Figure 3 shows the design of the plastic shredder machine.This machine is specifically designed for shredding thin plastic waste, such as plastic bags, beverage sachets, snack wrappers, and so on.Among recycling industries, this plastic waste is considered residue and has no economic value, hence the PKM team decided to address it.However, plastic waste such as used bottles still has significant economic value and can be accepted by plastic recycling industries in both intact and shredded forms (Suartika et al., 2015;Anam et al., 2022).The above design serves as a reference for the machine fabrication.The dynamic blades are mounted on a rotating shaft connected to the motor by using a belt transmission.The size of the shredded pieces is affected by the gap adjustment between the static blades and the dynamic blades (Yantony et al., 2019).The 5.5 HP gasoline engine was chosen as the power source for the machine to ensure mobility and independence from the availability of electricity supply.The manufactured machine is shown in Figure 4.The next activity was the handover of the machine and the operational and maintenance education of the shredder machine, which took place on February 17, 2023, at the Village Hall of Darmayasa.The education activity was followed by a demonstration of machine usage.Participants were asked to bring samples of plastic bags and plastic sachets.Some participants were guided by the Head of the PKM Team to operate the machine, from activating the machine and shredding the plastic to turning off the machine, as shown in Figure 5.

Figure. 5. Operational Machine Demonstration
The service activity was concluded with the handover of the plastic shredder machine from the Head of the PKM Team at UMY to the Village Chief of Darmayasa.The Head of the Team stated that this machine grant was only the initial part of plastic waste processing technology.The Head of the Team proposed to the Village Chief to complete this equipment with two additional sets of machines, namely a hot-mixer machine and a paving block press machine.By doing so, the plastic waste processing can be completed.The community can produce and utilize paving blocks.The PKM Team at UMY committed to supporting further activities if needed and possible through future service grant schemes.The Village Chief expressed gratitude and appreciation for the solution provided by the PKM Team at UMY and stated readiness to seek village funding to complete the waste processing machines.

Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on the implementation of the community service program in Darmayasa Village, it can be concluded that the development of a plastic waste processing machine has provided a significant contribution to addressing the issue of plastic waste in the village.The machine has the potential to reduce the volume of plastic waste and transform it into valuable materials such as paving blocks, which can generate economic opportunities for the community.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Implementation Flow of Activities

Figure. 3 .
Figure. 3. Design of Plastic Shredder Machine Machine Specifications: • Dimensions (LxWxH): 90 cm x 55 cm x 108 cm • Blade Shaft: Diameter 38 mm • Dynamic Blades: 6 pcs • Static Blades: 2 pcs • Body: 8 mm steel plate • Frame: 5 cm UNP (U-shaped) steel • Hopper: 2 mm steel plate • Power Source: 5.5 HP Gasoline EngineThe above design serves as a reference for the machine fabrication.The dynamic blades are mounted on a rotating shaft connected to the motor by using a belt transmission.The size of the shredded pieces is affected by the gap adjustment between the static blades and the dynamic blades(Yantony et al., 2019).The 5.5 HP gasoline engine was chosen as the power source for the machine to ensure mobility and independence from the availability of electricity supply.The manufactured machine is shown in Figure4.

Figure
Figure. 4. Manufactured Plastic Shredder MachineDescription:1. Hopper 2. Blade housing 3. Pulley and belt 4. Engine (Gasoline Engine) 5. Main switch 6. Starter rope 7. Gas lever 8. Choke The next activity was the handover of the machine and the operational and maintenance education of the shredder machine, which took place on February 17, 2023, at the Village Hall of Darmayasa.The education activity was followed by a demonstration of machine usage.Participants were asked to bring samples of plastic bags and plastic sachets.Some participants were guided by the Head of the PKM Team to operate the machine, from activating the machine and shredding the plastic to turning off the machine, as shown in Figure5.

Figure. 6 .
Figure. 6.The handover of the machine